
Ubuntu-After Installation
April 9, 2008I wont go into how to dual boot since that has being covered extensively by this blog
http://apcmag.com/how_to_dualboot_vista_with_linux_vista_installed_first.htm
http://http//ubuntunigeria.wordpress.com/2007/09/07/dual-booting-ubuntu-and-winows-xp/
http://ubuntunigeria.wordpress.com/2007/09/07/dual-booting-ubuntu-and-winows-xp/
.. the above links explains the process in a very simple way with detailed screen shots …. the only advice I would give is u should make sure to de-fragment your system about 3-4 times before u set about dual booting which would involve partitioning your system to make way for Ubuntu..
Now after u might have installed Ubuntu and booted into the desktop for the first time .. the first thing to do is to feel your Ubuntu desktop .. get familiar with it .. and try check for things that where not installed *if any – like sound,wireless,brightness control, if u have a multimedia key in ur lappy u can check that too,your web cam if u have one ..your blue tooth ..now once u have done that .. u will notice that there are two panels for Ubuntu I.e the top and the bottom panel .. in the top panel on the extreme right is your system tray where u will find your battery,network connection tool,and some other stuffs u would need… on your extreme left is the gnome menu which is divided into applications/places/system / …i want to resist going into a detailed description of the Ubuntu desktop.. frankly speaking I don’t have the time or energy for that.. buts its simple enough to understand and get accustomed to.. just right click on your desktop and see the options it gives u .. see not much different from what u have on windows .. u can spend some times just going through your desktop .. it wont hurt
First thing First
The First thing to do when u have finished familiarizing yourself with your new Ubuntu it is time to get to know a tool called synaptic
.. which I would call Windows add and remove with studs .its a cool tool which
manages,updates,installations and removal of applications *mostly called packages on Linux*, u can find it in system/administration/synaptic .. now your synaptic uses what is called a source lists .. this are a list of website links (or repositories on Linux) from which synaptic downloads packages from. There are many packages (applications) which are not in the Ubuntu repositories but I can add them manually so that your synaptic can download from them… ok to see the sources list
u can find it here …go to places .. in your menu, under places ,computer/file system/etc/apt/sources.list
when u see the file right click on it and choose open with test editor .. now u can see the list of website that Ubuntu downloads packages from. OK its get a bit geeky don’t worry it wont hurts just copy and paste this command in terminal (terminal is like the command prompt for Linux and to be honest with u ..u will be using it more than u ever did on windows .. not that u have to but as u will see it get things done faster ..terminal can be found in applications/accessories/Terminal in ur gnome panel )open terminal and paste the following command
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
did u see that .. it opened the same file u opened by going to computer/file system/etc/apt/sources.list so u see what I mean command get things done faster and u don’t have to cram them ,,even me I have been using Linux now for almost a year and I can count how many command I know by heart..also once u use a command .. it is stored and to use it again just pass the arrow key on ur key board and the most recent commands would be displayed in succession.
now back to synaptic .. what we are going to do is click the refresh button in synaptic so that it can sort of like sync with the repositories *repo for short* and get their latest package list so that it can be displayed for easy download.. (if u are using gutsy and u didn’t install ur system online .. then chances are that ur sources list have been disabled by default.. this is a security feature that came with Gutsy gibbon unless u where online with ur live cd during Ubuntu’s installation and the sources were authenticated.. if not then u have to enable them urself .. and u can either do the not so difficult way or do it the lazy man’s way …
The Not so difficult way
Open Terminal
Type the following command
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
Now you would see your source list now if u look closely u will see that the “#” in front of every line in the list .. the # tells the computer that the particular line is not a source or that the source has not being verified. to correct this look for all the lines that have the word “deb” and then a web ink in front of them like this
#deb http://ng.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy universe this is a source list telling ur computer to download files from the particular site(repository)..*
My Source.list
now remove the # sign by highlighting it and backspace/delete and do the same thing for all other lines that look similar to the above .. make sure that u don’t remove the sign for any other line without deb in front cus that would give u an error when u try to refresh in synaptic
below u can see a copy of my own source list and u can see that all the # sign in front of my source list have being removed.do the same.. then save and close the text editor.
Once u have done that .. u can now open synaptic and click on refresh .. it would now load in a lists of applications and updates available in the repositories.
The Lazy man,s way .. u can just copy and paste my own source.list.. ie replace my source.list with urs
here is my source list .here
just copy it ( ctrl +A ) and paste the contain in ur own source.list..
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
# Line commented out by installer because it failed to verify:
deb http://ng.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted
# Line commented out by installer because it failed to verify:
deb-src http://ng.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
# Line commented out by installer because it failed to verify:
deb http://ng.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted
# Line commented out by installer because it failed to verify:
deb-src http://ng.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security
## team.
# Line commented out by installer because it failed to verify:
deb http://ng.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy universe
# Line commented out by installer because it failed to verify:
deb-src http://ng.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy universe
# Line commented out by installer because it failed to verify:
deb http://ng.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates universe
# Line commented out by installer because it failed to verify:
deb-src http://ng.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
# Line commented out by installer because it failed to verify:
deb http://ng.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy multiverse
# Line commented out by installer because it failed to verify:
deb-src http://ng.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy multiverse
# Line commented out by installer because it failed to verify:
deb http://ng.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates multiverse
# Line commented out by installer because it failed to verify:
deb-src http://ng.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the ‘backports’
## repository.
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical’s
## ‘partner’ repository. This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is
## offered by Canonical and the respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu
## users.
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu gutsy partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu gutsy partner
# Line commented out by installer because it failed to verify:
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted
# Line commented out by installer because it failed to verify:
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted
# Line commented out by installer because it failed to verify:
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security universe
# Line commented out by installer because it failed to verify:
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security universe
# Line commented out by installer because it failed to verify:
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security multiverse
# Line commented out by installer because it failed to verify:
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security multiverse
just copy it ( ctrl +A ) and paste the contain in ur own source.list save and close the file..
then refresh.
open terminal and
sudo apt-get update
or open synaptic and click on reload so that ur system can be updated to the latest softwares available in the Ubuntu repositories.
Preparing ur Ubuntu for everyday use
Now that ur Ubuntu has been updated.. u would see that a notification would come up on the left of ur top panel .. it is notifying u to the latest updates for your system. u can click on it to see the updates .. and choose which one u want to install or better still install every one of them.
lets get down to business – in case u don’t know Ubuntu does not come installed with any of the popular multimedia codecs that u are use to .. like mp3,avi,dvd,vcd and the likes . this is because ubuntu adhere to the principle of open source and as such is shipped only with open source codecs.like ogg,fly, etc. but this does not mean that u cant install this codecs your self.. so lets go straight to doing that ..
To install the codecs we are going to install some packages from synaptics .. or through the command line * I would prefer the command line since all u have to do is copy and paste the command in terminal press enter all the packages would be installed..
Through synaptics
open synatics, search for and mark the following packages for installation
ubuntu-restricted-extras
w32codecs
gstreamer0.10-plugins-base
gstreamer0.10-plugins-good
gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad
gstreamer0.10-pitfdll
libxine1-ffmpeg
libdvdread3
totem-xine
I guess that would be all the codecs that would be needed to play just about every codec there is on your Ubuntu ..
Through Terminal
Although most people have are scared of the commnad line .. it is infact the best tool for installations especialy if all u have to do is copy and paste command to it and watch it do the rest
open your terminal an paste the following
sudo apt-get install libxine-extracodecs gstreamer0.10-plugins-base gstreamer0.10-plugins-good gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-pitfdll
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras
sudo apt-get install w32codecs
in other to install the w32codecs u have to add a 3rd party repository called medibuntu to ur source list .. to do this open synaptic go to settings and choose repositories,then from the dialog box that opens go to the third party software tab, click add button and paste this
deb http://packages.medibuntu.org/ gutsy free non-free
Once this is done close that dialog box and click reload in synaptic
U can also do this through terminal
echo “deb http://packages.medibuntu.org/ gutsy free non-free” | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list
wget -q http://packages.medibuntu.org/medibuntu-key.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add - &&
sudo apt-get update
*dont forget to press enter after entering any command into terminal
..
Now lets install some Media players
just open synaptics and search mark and install the followings
Amarok
I always tell people that it is the best music playing software that I have ever come across .. it cant do pretty much everything u would expect from a music player .. It not only plays any audio format there is .. it can download the lyrics while the song is playing the song .. if u think this is cool that wait for this .. it can also sync with your ipod,creative, even your china mp3 player. u can set it to download album art for ur songs, use it to listen to ur podcasts, and it can also give u a statistical analysis of the songs u have in ur computer .. to install it just open terminal and type
sudo apt-get install amarok
Or open synaptics search for and install amarok
*remember that u have rhythmbox as ur default music player in Ubuntu and it is pretty much cool .. not just as feature loaded as amarok .. u can also install banshee , exaile , and listen through synaptics .. there are all good music players .. just that I prefer amarok ..
Video Player
VLC
You might have used it on windows ..for me its one of the best video players out there .. it just about plays anything I throw at it.
sudo apt-get install vlc
or search and install it through synaptic
* Toteem player is the default player for Ubuntu and its also quite cool and easy to use .. u can also search and install the following xine ,mplayer and kaffeine
Oh did I forget Miro
.. mehn that shit is da bomb .. I love it because u can use it to watch online TV it can also play and manage ur video .. with ability to bookmark them for u.
sudo apt-get install miro
or search and install with synaptic
Burning Software
Ubuntu by default uses Serpentine as its default cd/dvd burner
but you can install a more advance burner software
and one of the best is called K3B
I dont have much to say about it I would like the software do the talking for its self ..
sudo apt-get install k3b
and to install mp3 support for k3b just do
sudo apt-get install libk3b2-mp3
or search for and install libk3b2-mp3 in synaptic
NTFS Support
Maybe u are wondering how u can access those files u have stored in ur windows partition.. well u need to know that windows uses the NTFS and the fat32 File systems ,while Linux Uses ext3 Files system ,in most cases especially with Ubuntu u can see and have read write access to ur windows partition .Just go to places in the gnome-panel and select Computer.. u will see all the drives connected to ur computer .including ur CD drive, usb flash drive,external hard drive and even all the drives installed in ur computer.
Although most of the drives u see have not been mounted.. double clicking on them would mount the drives and make them ready to be read or written on .How ever to make things easy 4 u .u would need a tool that manages the way ur NTFS partition is handled in Linux. ensuring that the are automatically mounted once u login ur system. ths program is called ntfs -onfig.its a tool and its very easy to use and configure .. to install
sudo apt-get install ntfs-config
or search for and install it through synaptic. Once installed u would find it under Applications-System Tools-NTFS Configuration Tool. once u start it ,gave a name to ur windows partition and tell it to enable support for external and internal device.
* everthing u mount on Ubuntu is mounted in a Directory called Media including ur cdrom,usb drives, external hard drivers etc .. and can be found under ur filesystem or root directory
Desktop Effect. For most people the reason for installing Ubuntu on their system is because there want to have the Cube Desktop and some of the other cool Effects associated with Linux .The Linux Desktop effect started as a way to have a composite extension in the Linux Desktop.*A composite extension would enable the desktop to have transparency effects.. example is the Aero Effect in Window Vista . which give the windows a transparency look* .These lead to the Emergence of project the Compiz Project and the Beryl Project .. the Two later joined forces to become to form what is called Compiz Fusion. Compiz Fusion gives ur system the power to do a lot of amazing effects with ur desktop. while at the same time using very little hardware resources . U can have a Cube Desktop,Print fire on ur screen,Give ur screen a water splashy effect the list is endless.. while dome of the effects are on the show off side. some are quite productive and would lead to better efficiency of ur Desktop.
http://youtube.com/watch?v=_ImW0-MgR8I
How to Install
Compiz Fusion is already installed by Default in Gutsy Gibbon,Although for it to be activated u most have a Graphic card with available memory of at least 24 mb . Ur ram should be like 256mb and ur processor should be above a p2 for u to have an enjoyable experience with at least the a basic compiz effect.
Intel Graphic Cards
Most Intel cards work out of the box with compiz .. Once u have installed ur Gutsy Gibbon login and u have compiz running by default . This is because Intel cards are Open source and come pre-installed with Ubuntu. However the compiz running when u start ur system has been set to minimum settings.. so that it wont be a drag on resources. hence some of the fancy Plugin like cube desktop,wobbly screen,print wire, etc has been disbled by defualt.. u can correct this by installing the compiz setting manager call Compiz Config Settings Manager or CCSM . to install just search compizconfig-settings-manager in synaptic or alternatively do
sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager
Once installed u can find it under System-Preference-Advance Desktop Effect settings
U can have a look at each Plugin and some have been checked while other have been left unchecked.. the checked Plugin are running while the unchecked once have been disabled.to have a cube Desktop u have to do the followings
Hints
In other to make ur cube rotate u must check rotate cube
1- Under CCSM go to General option-Desktop size and set Horizontal Desktop size to 4
2 - check Desktop Cube, (u would see a prompt asking u if u want to disable Plugin called Wall Desktop it should be disabled since it and cube desktop can not run concurrently)
3-check rotate cube
4- if u want ur cube to reflect u can check reflect cube
5- u can also check cube cap so that u would see a compiz fusion logo on top of the cube
Compiz fusion is loaded with effects and I can not exhaust them in this guide. u can go to animation plugin and set different animation u want to be displayed when e.g minimize your windows,close ur windows,open windows etc .. like I said the list is endless on what u can do with ur compiz settings so I would advise u to play with the settings and see what discoveries u come across..
*Any where u are told to press the super key.. u are been referred to the windows key on ur keyboard.
*so effect need u to press a combination of keys on ur key board for them to work.
*to know how a particular Plugin works click on it and go to action -under general u would see the key combination that would activate the effect.
Further on Intel cards
Intel has a new set of Graphic cards I.e the x300/x3100 Cards or GMA 965 This cards has been blacklisted by compiz hence there wont run compiz by default. to correct this
Just open Terminal and run the following Command
mkdir -p ~/.config/compiz/ && echo SKIP_CHECKS=yes >> ~/.config/compiz/compiz-manager
Log out and login back and compiz would be running by default.
How to install Nvidia Cards on Ubuntu
Nvidia Drivers are not Open source and are hence not installed by default on Ubuntu. However this does not mean that ur Display wont work. no it would because ur system would be forced to ur the vesa or VGA Driver which is the on board driver for ur system. the disadvantage of this is that u wont be able to run any graphic intensive program or even compiz for that matter
Thankfully installation of Nvidia driver on Ubuntu is a breeze .. all u need to do is go to System-Administration/Restricted Driver Manager. the restricted driver manager is ment for installing those closed extra closed source driver that ur system needs to run well .. it cold be a graphic card driver ,a wireless driver or a modem driver .. whichever driver u see .. just enable them by checking them and Ubuntu would download and install them for u.
ATI Cards
same thing applies for the installation of ATI cards although in some case an extra program need to be installed to make the ATI cards capable of Direct rendering. So if after enabling ati driver in restricted driver manager and restarting ur system and compiz still doesnt run.. them u make have to install a program called XGL which is what some ATI cards use for indirect rendering since the card itself is not capable of direct rendering.. to install search for xserver-xgl in synaptic and install it.. or open terminal and
sudo apt-get install xserver-xgl
once installed restart and compiz should run..
Ubuntu and ur System Drivers
When I installed Ubuntu for the first time I found out that most of my system drivers where automatically installed .. in fact all of them where. I was so surprised cus if I install Vista or XP I would have to spend days online looking for what and what drivers would be compatible with my system,I I found out that the Linux Kernel comes with most of the drivers that would be needed to run your system and in most cases there wont be any need to install drivers manually this drivers are open source and in some cases reverse engineering are to create open source drivers for hardwares which has no native Linux driver . Ubuntu ships with only Open source drivers,but some hardware can only work with closed source drivers hence there is a Tool called Restricted driver manager Under System-Administration- Restricted driver manager. what it does is allow u to install those closed source drivers that where not shipped with Ubuntu but with ur system needs to Operate. Open the tool ,give ur password and enable the drivers u see there .
Other Device like Blue tooth,Keyboard,printers,scanners,mouse,ipods etc are automatically configured and installed on Ubuntu without need for u installing extra drivers. just plug in a blue tooth device and u would see a blue tooth icon on ur desktop, Plug in an ipod and Rythmbox would open ready to sync, plug in ur printer and it would be automatically configured and installed with stress,Plug in ur digital camera and digikam would open asking if u want to import ur images.etc.
Some Ubuntu Equivalent of some windows applications
Windows Media Player,Itunes — Rythmbox, Amarok
Nero — K3B,Brasero,Gnome Baker
Ms Office — Open Office,Abiword
Corel Draw — Inkscape
Photoshop — Gimp,Cinepaint
Widgets — Screenlets
Internet explorer — Firefox,Epiphany,Konqouror
Internet download manager — D4X
fruity loops — lmms,hydrogen
imtoo mp3 converter — sound converter
imtoo video converter — winff
Picasa — Picasa,Digikam,
Yahoo messenger — Pidgin,kopete (webcam support) gyache * webcam and voice
MSN — amsn ,emesene
Window Media Center — Mythtv
Autocadr — QcaD
Lime wire — Frostwire
Object Duck — Avant-Window Navigator (not in synaptic) but the installation
guide is here
Tools u might want need
Video Editing ————– Kdenlive,kino , Pitivi Video Editor , Avidemux,
WebDesign ————- Bluefish Editor,Scream
Audio editing ————- Audacity Sound Editor
3d modeller ————- Blender 3D modeller,K-3D
youtube Downloader ————- qtTube
Bible ————– GnomeSword2 Bible Guide,
Quran ————– Zekr
webacm program ————– Cheese, Camorama Webcam Viewer
P2P ————– Azureus, aMule
* all the available programs are available in synaptic ..
The list is endless and to make things easy for u there is a tool called add and remove in Ubuntu .. its not as strong as synaptics but it makes looking for programs very easy .. just type the the description of what u want like say web design and it would show u all the tool available for web design .*make sure u set it to show all available applications.
Lets fixs some minor bugs and tweaks
Gutsy is awesome but its perfect. and u can fix some of this bugs by doing some tweak to ur system
Blue tooth
The Blue tooth that came pre installed in gutsy has some bugs to fix it install the following program
gnome-vfs-obexftp Open synaptic and search for it or better still
sudo apt-get install gnome-vfs-obexftp
How to get Mouse over preview of MP3 files working
This allows u to preview an Mp3 sound when u put ur mouse on it .. I.e it plays the mp3 sound without u needing to open it in a music player..to get this working open synaptic search for and install the followings
mpg321
mpg123-esd
vorbis-tools
esound
ubuntu-restricted-extras
or
sudo apt-get install mpg321 mpg123-esd vorbis-tools esound ubuntu-restricted-extras
Improve ur fonts rendering
Add this fonts.conf file under your home directory. Rename file to .fonts.conf.It improves font rendering after X has been restarted
Well I guess that it!
Pimp ur Ubuntu
Now lets add some bling to our ubuntu .. the site where u can download all the bling u need on ubuntu is www.gnome-look.org and if u use KDE its www.kde-look.org
everything there is free and the site is divided into themes,icon themes, etc.
Now it me show how flexible ubuntu can be .. we are going to make our Ubuntu look like Vista
comming out soon !






















Normal
Pimped













